{"id":10872,"date":"2018-11-30T10:52:30","date_gmt":"2018-11-30T09:52:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/?p=10872"},"modified":"2018-12-01T09:12:55","modified_gmt":"2018-12-01T08:12:55","slug":"how-does-the-soma-to-germline-transfer-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/sciencesurf\/2018\/11\/how-does-the-soma-to-germline-transfer-work\/","title":{"rendered":"How does the soma to germline transfer work?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I never had problems to understand environmental induced sperm methylation as\u00a0spermatozoa of animals are produced continuously by meiotic division. \u00a0But I learned that in humans all ova are produced before birth, so how could these ever be influenced by an environmental exposure? It seems that the dogma of prefabricated eggs is wrong as described already in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm.2669\">2012<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Rare mitotically active cells have a gene expression profile that is consistent with primitive germ cells. Once established <i>in vitro<\/i>, these cells can be expanded for months and can spontaneously generate 35- to 50-\u03bcm oocytes<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>So there is a lifelong chance that environmental exposures both in fathers and mothers can be transmitted to the offspring &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26974008\">fat eggs, fat offspring<\/a>&#8221; &#8211; there is no\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weismann_barrier\">Weismann Barrier<\/a>. (This remains also an important question as somatic gegen therapy could accidentally introduced germline changes &#8211; at least in theory).<\/p>\n<p>But how does any soma to germline transfer work?\u00a0A new <a href=\"http:\/\/dev.biologists.org\/content\/early\/2018\/11\/22\/dev.167734\">paper<\/a> examined this \u00a0in more detail. They found that the negative regulator of sperm activation in C elegans, SWM-1, is produced in body wall muscle, then secreted into the body cavity. Whenever it enters the gonad it finds it target TRY-5, a spermiogenesis activator, that influences sperm success.<\/p>\n<p>So to the more conventional soma to germline theories of persistent methylation changes or RNA fragments (\u00a0as described in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23257323\">recent review<\/a>) there maybe more possibilities like microbiome transfer.<\/p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"bottom-note\">\n  <span class=\"mod1\">CC-BY-NC Science Surf , accessed 11.04.2026<\/span>\n <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I never had problems to understand environmental induced sperm methylation as\u00a0spermatozoa of animals are produced continuously by meiotic division. \u00a0But I learned that in humans all ova are produced before birth, so how could these ever be influenced by an environmental exposure? It seems that the dogma of prefabricated eggs is wrong as described already &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/sciencesurf\/2018\/11\/how-does-the-soma-to-germline-transfer-work\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">How does the soma to germline transfer work?<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[284,1682],"class_list":["post-10872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genetics-biology","tag-methylation","tag-rna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10872"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10895,"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10872\/revisions\/10895"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wjst.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}