I was looking for some simple tools for clone detection in pictures – unfortunately or luckily – there is no single button solution in 2020.

To extract the pictures I use unar (“brew install unar”) which preserves much more detail than a screenshot. For the next step, I can recommend Forensically, Fotoforensics or Reveal.

Maybe there are also situations where some some individual adjustments are needed where I move to Affinity like in the following picture.

For text plagiarism check, it probably needs some paid service: docoloc, Plagscan or Turnitin (services compared …)
For simple text comparison I use BBEdit (or simtext) while for PDF comparison I suggest Copyleaks.

A short history of detecing image forgery can be found at the Zwelling blog and an introduction into the theory in a paper by Hany Farid or his book “Fake Photos“.

“There is currently worldwide concern over corruption in education. This concern touches all Member States and all levels of education” according to the European Counsil. Academic integrity is a major issue that needs much more attention.

Reviews need to be done with more rigour, while machines could support us by preprint scans: Barzooka (Nico Riedel), SciScore (Michèle Nuijten), Grim Test, …