Category Archives: Philosophy

Allergy, Philosophy

Censorship in science

A great new PNAS paper

Popular narratives suggest that scientific censorship is driven by authoritarian officials with dark motives, such as dogmatism and intolerance. Our analysis suggests that scientific censorship is often driven by scientists, who are primarily motivated by self-protection, benevolence toward peer scholars, and prosocial concerns for the well-being of human social groups.

Having experienced also censorship with a scientific hypothesis I would rate the arguments just by gut feeling like so

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Philosophy

Re: Soll Peer Review Fälschung aufdecken?

Laborjournal Blog

In dem Artikel erregte ein Zitat der Chief-Editorin von Nature, Magdalena Skipper, besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Hinsichtlich des Aufdeckens gezielter Fälschungen in Forschungsartikeln hält sie fest, dass dies keineswegs Job der Reviewer ist – und fügt hinzu:
Ich möchte meine Peer-Reviewer eigentlich nicht als eine Art Polizeikommando ansehen, das solches Fehlverhalten aufspürt.
Schon im Artikel werden Editoren-Kollegen mit anderer Meinung zitiert. Für noch mehr Diskussionen sorgte Skippers Aussage indes in den Sozialen Medien. So wunderte sich etwa die australische Psychologie-Professorin Simine Vazire auf X (ehemals Twitter):
Die Zitate der Nature-Chief-Editorin Magdalena Skipper zur Frage, ob Zeitschriften im Rahmen des Peer-Review auch auf Fehler und Datenqualität prüfen sollten, überraschen mich doch sehr.
Und mit dieser Überraschung war sie bei weitem nicht allein.
Es gibt aber auch andere Stimmen. So entgegnete etwa der kanadische Biologe Zen Faulkes in einer Antwort:
Die Editorin hat recht. Das sollte nicht die Aufgabe der Peer-Reviewer sein. Es sollte die Aufgabe der Mitarbeiter des Journals sein.

Ich finde nicht, daß sie recht hat. Fehler und Datenqualität zu erkennen sollten durchaus Aufgabe der Peer Reviewer ist. Sie haben am meisten Ahnung, sie kennen sich mit den Methoden am besten aus und sie sollten sich  auch mit Betrug am besten auskennen.

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Philosophy

How to write a paper

There are numerous tips on the internet, I have been even teaching “paper writing” for a while, but here are the ultimate recommendations

Just in case, as Twitter is dying soon and the thread archive is not working anymore, there is also a local copy.

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Philosophy

MDPI, Frontiers and Hindawi now being blacklisted

According to a Chinese blogger, three publishers (not journals!) are now being blacklisted

On January 3rd, Zhejiang Gonggong University, a public university in Hangzhou, announced that all the journals of the three largest Open Access (OA) publishing houses were blacklisted, including Hindawi (acquired by Wiley in early 2021), MDPI founded by a Chinese businessman Lin Shukun, and Frontiers, which has become very popular in recent years. The university issued a notice stating that articles published by Hindawi, MDPI and Frontiers will not be included in research performance statistics.

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Philosophy

The self evident?

The Wikipedia summarizes the  “Leviathan and the air pump” book by Schaffer & Shapin

Their aim is to use a historical account of the debate over the validity of Boyle’s air pump experiments, and by extension his experimental method, to discover the origins of the credibility that we give experimentally produced facts today. The authors wish to avoid ‘The self-evident’ method,  which (they explain) is when historians project the values of their current culture onto the time period that they are studying (in this case valuing the benefits of empiricism). They wish to take a “stranger’s” viewpoint when examining the debate between Hobbes and Boyle because, in the 1660s, both methods of knowledge production were well respected in the academic community.

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Allergy, Philosophy, Software

The problem is getting exponentially worse

Last Word on Nothing writing about ChatGPT

What initiated my change of mind was playing around with some AI tools. After trying out chatGPT and Google’s AI tool, I’ve now come to the conclusion that these things are dangerous. We are living in a time when we’re bombarded with an abundance of misinformation and disinformation, and it looks like AI is about to make the problem exponentially worse by polluting our information environment with garbage. It will become increasingly difficult to determine what is true.

Is “derivate work” now  equal to reality? Here is Geoff Hinton

“Godfather of AI” Geoff Hinton, in recent public talks, explains that one of the greatest risks is not that chatbots will become super-intelligent, but that they will generate text that is super-persuasive without being intelligent, in the manner of Donald Trump or Boris Johnson. In a world where evidence and logic are not respected in public debate, Hinton imagines that systems operating without evidence or logic could become our overlords by becoming superhumanly persuasive, imitating and supplanting the worst kinds of political leader.

At least in medicine there is an initiative underway where the lead author can be contacted at the address below.

In my field, the  first AI consultation results look more than dangerous with one harmful response out of 20 questions.

A total of 20 questions covering various aspects of allergic rhinitis were asked. Among the answers, eight received a score of 5 (no inaccuracies), five received a score of 4 (minor non-harmful inaccuracies), six received a score of 3 (potentially misinterpretable inaccuracies) and one answer had a score of 2 (minor potentially harmful inaccuracies).

Within a few years, AI-generated content will be the microplastic of our online ecosystem (@mutinyc)

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Noteworthy, Philosophy

When the empire strikes back

TheFrancesca Gino case is now well known [1, 2]. But this is something never seen before , a mass self-auditing effort to prove the honesty of the co-authors

More than 140 collaborators of Francesca Gino, the Harvard Business School professor who has been accused of data fabrication, have been scrambling to verify the research that they’ve published with her. On Monday, they started making their findings public.

The mass self-auditing effort, called the Many Co-Authors Project, has already initiated the retraction of at least one paper that Gino collected data for, according to one of her collaborators.

https://manycoauthors.org/gino/papers Nov 7, 2023

 

15 Nov 2024

At  the end it is about sleeping tonight

https://x.com/jpsimmon/status/1833976010192421244

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Philosophy

Industrialized cheating

From a guest post at Retraction Watch by Adya Misra

Just in the last few months, we put out 37 from Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and 21 from Concurrent Engineering. And there are more to come.  While we don’t celebrate this type of action, the news is not all bad. The high numbers of retractions at times reflect a problem of industrialized cheating, but also, as in our case, a belief that rigorous scholarship – robustly reviewed by researchers who are experts in their fields – can and should improve the world.

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Philosophy

The information landscape is pitted with lies, tall tales, myths, pseudoscience, half-truths, and plain old inaccuracies

Joanna Thompson summarizes it at (Undark)

It’s worth noting that misinformation — by any definition — has been around for a long time. Ever since the first humans developed language, we’ve been navigating an information landscape pitted with lies, tall tales, myths, pseudoscience, half-truths, and plain old inaccuracies. Medieval European bestiaries, for instance, described creatures like bears and weasels alongside unicorns and manticores. Anti-vaccine groups have been around for over 200 years, well before the internet. And in the age of yellow journalism around the turn of the 20th century, many reporters made up stories out of whole cloth.
“I don’t like this whole talk of ‘we’re living in a post-truth world,’ as if we ever lived in a truth world,” said Catarina Dutilh Novaes

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Allergy, Philosophy

Der Grenznutzen von Wissenschaft

Kann man:frau unbegrenzt Wissen schaffen?

Die Wirtschaftswissenschaften beschreiben den Grenznutzen wo der Zuwachs nur noch durch den Einsatz enorm hohe Aufwands erzielt werden kann – wenn trotz des hohen ökonomischen Aufwandes der Nutzenzuwachs gering ist oder sogar gegen Null geht.

Der Grenznutzen liesse sich im Prinzip auch von der DFG bestimmen, von Universitäten und Forschungsorganisationen wenn sie nur Interesse daran hätten.

Haben Sie aber nicht.

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Philosophy

What is pseudoscience?

A recent Nature commentary defines pseudoscience as everything that cannot be empirically tested. Wikipedia is more comprehensive

Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method

with a long footnote pointing towards Oxford English Dictionary 1989

A pretended or spurious science; a collection of related beliefs about the world mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method or as having the status that scientific truths now have.

Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science 1988 gives probably the best definition

[w]hat is objectionable about these beliefs is that they masquerade as genuinely scientific ones…  claims presented so that they appear [to be] scientific even though they lack supporting evidence and plausibility” … In contrast, science is “a set of methods designed to describe and interpret observed and inferred phenomena, past or present, and aimed at building a testable body of knowledge open to rejection or confirmation”.

Here is my own definition of the scientific method in the ethics lecture 2021 (which is close to the initial statement).

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Philosophy, Software

No way to recognize AI generated text

Whatever I wrote before different methods to detect AI written text (using AI Text Classifer, GPTZero, Originality.AI…) seems now to be too optimistic. OpenAI even reports that AI detectors do not work at all

While some (including OpenAI) have released tools that purport to detect AI-generated content, none of these have proven to reliably distinguish between AI-generated and human-generated content.
Additionally, ChatGPT has no “knowledge” of what content could be AI-generated. It will sometimes make up responses to questions like “did you write this [essay]?” or “could this have been written by AI?” These responses are random and have no basis in fact.
…
When we at OpenAI tried to train an AI-generated content detector, we found that it labeled human-written text like Shakespeare and the Declaration of Independence as AI-generated.
…
Even if these tools could accurately identify AI-generated content (which they cannot yet), students can make small edits to evade detection.

BUT – according to a recent Copyleaks study, use of AI runs at high risk of plagiarizing earlier text that has been used to train the AI model. So it will be dangerous for everybody who is trying to cheat.

https://copyleaks.com/blog/copyleaks-ai-plagiarism-analysis-report

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025
Philosophy

Science is great but scientists are still people

Time to read again the famous Kornberg article

In parlous times, some truths need to be remembered and repeated. When science is under attack from many quarters, we need to be reminded of the distinctions between the extraordinary power of science and the fallibility of those who practice it. We are aware of prodigious feats in the arts, law, and religion that endure for ages. Yet none of these disciplines offer individuals, as science does, the opportunity to contribute to a progressive understanding of nature. In persuading the public to support scientists in their attempts to achieve a more rational and effective understand-ing of ourselves and of the world about us, we must be clear in distinguishing the uniqueness of science as a practice from the human qualities of its practitioners.

 

CC-BY-NC Science Surf accessed 07.12.2025